This book overviews how different special sciences could be applied in everyday life. The book was published as part of a nonfiction agricultural series written and edited in part by Nikolai Borodin (1861-1937). In the pre-revolutionary period, Borodin and fellow scholar B. Bakhmetiev visted the USA to obtain a loan and ensure the execution of order for supply of military and agricultural equipment. During the Civil War Borodin joined the White movement and Kolchak's government which sent him (...) to the United States to purchase the agricultural machinery and equipment for educational institutions in Sberia. When the Bolsheviks won the war, Borodin remained abroad. (shrink)

Any more or less serious attempt to deal with even one aspect of the complex and generally still inadequately studied philosophical system of so outstanding a thinker as the famous Russian idealist philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov necessarily requires preliminary consideration and evaluation of the philosophic significance of his work as a whole.

History of civilization and human nature of Vietnam.

Purpose of the article is to establish the role of egoism in the life of a person faced with a disability situation, as a moment of self-determination in an existential crisis. I set the task to evaluate the influence of egoism and find out its significance in the prospect of the person’s further existence in the conditions of disability using the philosophical anthropology based on the meta-anthropology principle. Theoretical basis. Based on the fact that the role of egoism is perceived (...) by public opinion as a vice and entails the absorption by a person of the benefits intended for others, I find them inappropriate for a person in a situation of disability. Taking into account the concepts of ego of altruism and altruistic egoism, which partially justify the positive influence of egoism, are only a product of the symbiotic interaction of altruism and egoism. The combination of egoism with altruism cannot reveal the essence of the crisis for a person in a disability situation. In a situation of disability, a person cannot synthesize altruism, as part of the egoism symbiosis. Methodological system in the study of the positive role of egoism, the modern theory of meta-anthropology by Nazip Khamitov is used. The theory that divides the being of a person into various types is able to most fully structure the concept of egoism in the being of a person who has disability. Originality. I made an attempt to prove the positive role of egoism in a situation related to the body transformation into new conditions. The analysis of evidence of the need for the egoism development, as a function capable of actualizing a person in the formed crisis circumstances is carried out. A theory about the need for egoism to get a person out of the existential crisis situation in which he stays due to a disability situation was proposed. Conclusions. I show that taking care of oneself is a balancing factor for a person, as opposing a fatally unfair situation in which a person has received disability. Rational egoism is able to bring a person out of ultimate being and allow him to transform into a new, changed reality. (shrink)

Philosophical aspects of belief and ancestor worship in Southern Vietnam.

The communicative aspects of the contents of consciousness are analyzed in the framework of a neural network model of animal communication. We discuss some issues raised by Gray, such as the control of the contents of consciousness, the adaptive value of consciousness, conscious and unconscious behaviors, and the nature of a model's consciousness.

The paper is devoted to a conceptual model of cell patterning, based on a generalized notion of the epigenetic code of a cell determining its state. We introduce the concept of signaling depending both upon the spatial distance between cells and the distance between their cell states (s-distance); signaling can repel cells in the space of cell states (s-space) or attract them. The influence of different types of repelling signaling on the evolution of cells is considered. Stabilizing signaling, namely a (...) signaling monotonically decreasing with s-distance, causes the restoring of cell states after perturbations; destabilizing signaling, i.e., the one in which the signaling monotonically increases with s-distance, causes the appearance of pairs of cells with alternating cell states (one close to the state conventionally called “head”, and another close to the “tail” state). Non-monotonic (in s-space) signaling splits the cells into groups. The model shows that different types of signaling may provide different types of cellular patterns. General principles for applying this model to complex cellular structures are discussed. (shrink)

On the ideas of Ayōttitācar,1845-1914, on Buddhism and medicine.

Tim Ingold is known in contemporary Anglophone social anthropology to be an original thinker who dares to think outside the mainstream of the discipline. His anthropological works are philosophically informed and heavily influenced by phenomenology. They account for and pay heed to “life,” to the dynamism taking place in all the observed things, including non-living beings. Central to his anthropology of life is the notion of wayfaring. This article purports to introduce this notion and to explore the challenges, implications and (...) inspirations it has for philosophy while taking a critical stand towards Ingold’s account. It argues that the notion envisions citizens who have strong civic ties but at the same time can empathise with people of other countries. It argues furthermore that Ingold’s critique of philosophy as embedded in such a notion can serve as an inspiration for doing philosophy in a more fruitful way, i.e., doing philosophy as wayfaring. Keywords: Wayfaring, logic of inversion, meshwork, armchair approach, philosophy-as-a-wayfaring. Abstrak: Tim Ingold dikenal sebagai seorang antropolog sosial Anglofon kontemporer yang memiliki pemikiran orisinal dan berani berpikir di luar arus utama disiplin ilmunya. Karya-karya antropologisnya adalah karya yang melek filsafat and sangat dipengaruhi oleh fenomenologi. Karya-karya tersebut peka terhadap “kehidupan,” terhadap dinamika yang berlangsung pada setiap hal yang diamati, termasuk keberadaan yang tidak hidup. Salah satu konsep penting dalam pemikiran antropologisnya adalah pengembaraan. Dalam artikel ini penulis bermaksud memperkenalkan konsep tersebut serta mengeksplorasi tantangan, implikasi, dan inspirasinya terhadap filsafat sambil mengritik beberapa klaim Ingold. Penulis berpendapat bahwa konsep tersebut menawarkan sebuah visi tentang warga negara yang memiliki identitas sipil dan ikatan antarwarga yang kuat, namun pada saat yang sama memiliki empati terhadap warga negeri lain. Selain itu, penulis melihat kritik yang dilancarkan Ingold terhadap filsafat sebagai sebuah inspirasi dan undangan untuk mencari jalan menuju sebuah cara berfilsafat yang lebih merunduk ke bumi dan berbela rasa: berfilsafat sebagai sebuah pengembaraan bersama dengan yang-lain dan penuh empati terhadap yang-lain. Kata kunci: kembara, logika inversi, rajutan-jejaring-relasi-bersimpul-terbuka, pendekatan belakang-meja, filsafat-sebagai-kembara. (shrink)

Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each (...) side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory. (shrink)